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--- pages:howtos:windows:format-external-usb-storage-for-windows [2022/01/23 15:33] – created mischerh
+++ pages:howtos:windows:format-external-usb-storage-for-windows [2022/01/23 18:44] (current) – mischerh
@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{tag>howto windows external usb storage format filesystem}}
+{{tag>howto windows external usb storage hdd msdos partitiontable partition format filesystem parted mkfs vfat fat32}}
 ====== Format external USB storage for windows ======
 ===== Sources =====
@@ Line 6: / Line 6: @@
   * https://linuxhandbook.com/bash-arithmetic-operators/
   * https://www.linuxscrew.com/bash-math-arithmetic
+  * https://people.redhat.com/msnitzer/docs/io-limits.txt
+  * https://blog.hqcodeshop.fi/archives/273-GNU-Parted-Solving-the-dreaded-The-resulting-partition-is-not-properly-aligned-for-best-performance.html
+  * https://chris-linux-blog.blogspot.com/2015/11/avoiding-resulting-partition-is-not.html
 ===== How to do it =====
@@ Line 61: / Line 64: @@
   Warning: The existing disk label on /dev/sdb will be destroyed and all data on this disk will be lost. Do you want to continue?
   Yes/No?
-press <key>y</key>
+press <key>y</key>
   Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab.
-some arithmetics to calculate the starting sector for the new partition
+create the new partition
 <sxh bash; gutter: false>
-MYDEV="sdb"
+parted -a optimal /dev/sdb mkpart primary fat32 0% 100%
-OIS=$(cat /sys/block/"${MYDEV}"/queue/optimal_io_size)
+</sxh>
-MIS=$(cat /sys/block/"${MYDEV}"/queue/minimum_io_size)
+  Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab.
-AO=$(cat /sys/block/"${MYDEV}"/alignment_offset)
-PBS=$(cat /sys/block/"${MYDEV}"/queue/physical_block_size)
-((START_SECTOR=$OIS+$AO))
-((START_SECTOR=$START_SECTOR/$PBS))
-echo "MYDEV: ${MYDEV}; OIS: ${OIS}; MIS: ${MIS}; AO: ${AO}; PBS: ${PBS}; START_SECTOR: ${START_SECTOR}"
-mkpart primary "${START_SECTOR}"s 100%
+check if the partition is aligned correctly
+<sxh bash; gutter: false>
+parted /dev/sdb align-check optimal 1
 </sxh>
+aligned
-now format
+check the partition
+<sxh bash; gutter: false>
+parted /dev/sdb print
+</sxh>
+  Model: BUFFALO External HDD (scsi)
+  Disk /dev/sdb: 500GB
+  Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
+  Partition Table: msdos
+  Disk Flags:
+  Number  Start   End    Size   Type     File system  Flags
+      1049kB  500GB  500GB  primary               lba, type=0c
+now format the partition
 <sxh bash; gutter: false>
-mkfs.vfat /dev/<YOUR DEVICE>
+mkfs.vfat -v /dev/sdb1
 </sxh>
+  mkfs.fat 4.2 (2021-01-31)
+  Auto-selecting FAT32 for large filesystem
+  /dev/sdb1 has 255 heads and 63 sectors per track,
+  hidden sectors 0x0800;
+  logical sector size is 512,
+  using 0xf8 media descriptor, with 976771026 sectors;
+  drive number 0x80;
+  filesystem has 2 32-bit FATs and 64 sectors per cluster.
+  FAT size is 119232 sectors, and provides 15258320 clusters.
+  There are 64 reserved sectors.
+  Volume ID is aa1a69ca, no volume label.
 ----
 ~~DISCUSSION~~