Sometimes it’s painful to read the output well due to the overcrowded strings, for example, the result of the mount command, what about viewing the output like a table? It is an easy job.

mount | column –t

sysfs                                             on  /sys                                             type  sysfs            (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
proc                                              on  /proc                                            type  proc             (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
udev                                              on  /dev                                             type  devtmpfs         (rw,nosuid,relatime,size=12319496k,nr_inodes=3079874,mode=755)
devpts                                            on  /dev/pts                                         type  devpts           (rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime,gid=5,mode=620,ptmxmode=000)
tmpfs                                             on  /run                                             type  tmpfs            (rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime,size=2468204k,mode=755)
/dev/mapper/detlev--vg-root                       on  /                                                type  ext4             (rw,relatime,errors=remount-ro)
securityfs                                        on  /sys/kernel/security                             type  securityfs       (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
tmpfs                                             on  /dev/shm                                         type  tmpfs            (rw,nosuid,nodev)
tmpfs                                             on  /run/lock                                        type  tmpfs            (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,size=5120k)
tmpfs                                             on  /sys/fs/cgroup                                   type  tmpfs            (ro,nosuid,nodev,noexec,mode=755)
cgroup2                                           on  /sys/fs/cgroup/unified                           type  cgroup2          (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,nsdelegate)
cgroup                                            on  /sys/fs/cgroup/systemd                           type  cgroup           (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,xattr,name=systemd)
pstore                                            on  /sys/fs/pstore                                   type  pstore           (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
bpf                                               on  /sys/fs/bpf                                      type  bpf              (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,mode=700)
cgroup                                            on  /sys/fs/cgroup/net_cls,net_prio                  type  cgroup           (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,net_cls,net_prio)
cgroup                                            on  /sys/fs/cgroup/pids                              type  cgroup           (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,pids)
cgroup                                            on  /sys/fs/cgroup/blkio                             type  cgroup           (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,blkio)
cgroup                                            on  /sys/fs/cgroup/memory                            type  cgroup           (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,memory)
cgroup                                            on  /sys/fs/cgroup/cpuset                            type  cgroup           (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,cpuset)
cgroup                                            on  /sys/fs/cgroup/freezer                           type  cgroup           (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,freezer)
cgroup                                            on  /sys/fs/cgroup/cpu,cpuacct                       type  cgroup           (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,cpu,cpuacct)
cgroup                                            on  /sys/fs/cgroup/perf_event                        type  cgroup           (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,perf_event)
cgroup                                            on  /sys/fs/cgroup/devices                           type  cgroup           (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,devices)
cgroup                                            on  /sys/fs/cgroup/rdma                              type  cgroup           (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,rdma)
debugfs                                           on  /sys/kernel/debug                                type  debugfs          (rw,relatime)
hugetlbfs                                         on  /dev/hugepages                                   type  hugetlbfs        (rw,relatime,pagesize=2M)
mqueue                                            on  /dev/mqueue                                      type  mqueue           (rw,relatime)
systemd-1                                         on  /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc                         type  autofs           (rw,relatime,fd=48,pgrp=1,timeout=0,minproto=5,maxproto=5,direct,pipe_ino=11783)
sunrpc                                            on  /run/rpc_pipefs                                  type  rpc_pipefs       (rw,relatime)
/dev/sda1                                         on  /boot                                            type  ext2             (rw,relatime)
/dev/mapper/1Tera01--vg-data01                    on  /mnt/data01                                      type  ext4             (rw,relatime)
binfmt_misc                                       on  /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc                         type  binfmt_misc      (rw,relatime)
tmpfs                                             on  /run/user/1000                                   type  tmpfs            (rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,size=2468200k,mode=700,uid=1000,gid=1000)
gvfsd-fuse                                        on  /run/user/1000/gvfs                              type  fuse.gvfsd-fuse  (rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,user_id=1000,group_id=1000)
fusectl                                           on  /sys/fs/fuse/connections                         type  fusectl          (rw,relatime)
/dev/fuse                                         on  /run/user/1000/doc                               type  fuse             (rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,user_id=1000,group_id=1000)
/etc/auto.denker.wiretrip.de-cifs                 on  /home/def/mnt/cifs                               type  autofs           (rw,relatime,fd=6,pgrp=2327,timeout=60,minproto=5,maxproto=5,indirect,pipe_ino=38705)
/etc/auto.denker.wiretrip.de-cifs                 on  /home/def/mnt/cifs/denker.wiretrip.de/austausch  type  autofs           (rw,relatime,fd=6,pgrp=2327,timeout=60,minproto=5,maxproto=5,offset,pipe_ino=38705)
(rw,relatime,vers=default,cache=strict,username=<USER>,uid=1000,forceuid,gid=1000,forcegid,addr=192.168.0.1,file_mode=0644,dir_mode=0755,soft,nounix,mapposix,rsize=1048576,wsize=1048576,echo_interval=60,actimeo=1)

OK, in this example, we see the output is well formatted because the separator between them is spaces.

What if the separators are something else, like colons :

The /etc/passwd file is a good example.

Just specify the separator with -s parameter like this:

cat /etc/passwd | column -t -s :

~\ownCloud\zim\Bilder\DEF\bash-command-line-tricks\002-users-tabular-view.png

Run Until Success

If you search google about that trick, you will find a lot of questions about people asking how to repeat the command till it returns success and runs properly, like ping the server till it becomes alive or check if a file with a specific extension is uploaded at specific directory or maybe check if a specific URL becomes available or maybe any geeky thing, the list is very long.

You can use the while true loop to achieve that:

~\ownCloud\zim\Bilder\DEF\bash-command-line-tricks\03-repeat-till-success.png

We use > /dev/null 2>&1 to redirect normal output and errors to /dev/null.

Actually, this is one of coolest Linux Command Line Tricks for me.

Sort Processes by Memory or CPU Usage

### To sort by memory usage: ~\ownCloud\zim\Bilder\DEF\bash-command-line-tricks\04-sort-by-memory-usage.png

### To sort by CPU usage: ~\ownCloud\zim\Bilder\DEF\bash-command-line-tricks\05-sort-by-cpu-usage.png

Check Your Architecture

getconf LONG_BIT

Monitor Multiple Log Files Concurrently

You can use the tail command to watch your logs and that’s fine, but sometimes you may need to monitor multiple log files simultaneously to take some actions.

Using multitail command which supports text highlighting, filtering, and many other features that you may need.

~\ownCloud\zim\Bilder\DEF\bash-command-line-tricks\06-multitail.png

You can install it if it is not found on your system like this:

apt-get install multitail

Return to Your Previous Directory

It’s not a trick but some people forget it, others use it every minute.

Just type cd – and you will return back to the previous directory.

Watch Command Output

By using watch command, you can watch any output of any command, for example, you can watch the free space and how it is growing:

watch df –h

You can imagine what you can do with any variant data that you can watch using watch command.

Run Your Program After Session Killing

When you run any program in the background and close your shell, definitely it will be killed, what about if it continues running after closing the shell.

This can be done using the nohup command which stands for no hang up.

nohup wget site.com/file.zip

This command is really one of the most useful Linux command line tricks for most webmasters.

~\ownCloud\zim\Bilder\DEF\bash-command-line-tricks\07-nohup-command.png

A file will be generated in the same directory with the name nohup.out contains the output of the running program.

~\ownCloud\zim\Bilder\DEF\bash-command-line-tricks\08-nohup-output.png

Cool command right?

Answer bot Using Yes & No Commands

It’s like an answer bot for those commands whose require the user to say yes.

That can be done using the yes command:

yes | apt-get update

Or maybe you want to automate saying no instead, this can be done using the following command:

yes no | command

~\ownCloud\zim\Bilder\DEF\bash-command-line-tricks\09-yes-command.png

Create a File With a Specific Size

Use the dd command to create a file with a specific size:

dd if=/dev/zero of=out.txt bs=1M count=10

This will create a file with 10-megabyte size filled with zeros. dd if=/dev/zero of=out.txt bs=1M count=10

Run Last Command as Root

Sometimes you forget to type sudo before your command that requires root privileges to run, you don’t have to rewrite it, just type:

sudo !!

~\ownCloud\zim\Bilder\DEF\bash-command-line-tricks\11-sudo.png

Record your Command Line Session

If you want to record what you’ve typed in your shell screen, you can use the script command which will save all of your typings to a file named typescript.

script

Once you type exit, all of your commands will be written to that file so you can review them later.

Replacing Spaces with Tabs

You can replace any character with any other character using tr command which is very handy.

cat geeks.txt | tr ':[space]:' '\t' > out.txt

This command will replace the spaces with tabs.

~\ownCloud\zim\Bilder\DEF\bash-command-line-tricks\12-tr-command.png

Convert Character Case

cat my_file | tr a-z A-Z > output.txt

This command converts the content of the file to upper case using the tr command.

Powerful xargs Command

We can say that xargs command is one of the most important Linux command line tricks, you can use this command to pass outputs between commands as arguments, for example, you may search for png files and compress them or do anything with them.

find . -name “*.png” -type f -print | xargs tar -cvzf pics.tar.gz

Or maybe you have a list of URLs in a file and you want to download them or process them in a different way:

cat links.txt | xargs wget

The cat command result is passed to the end of xargs command.

What if your command needs the output in the middle?

Just use {} combined with –i parameter to replace the arguments in the place where the result should go like this:

ls /etc/*.conf | xargs -i cp {} /home/likegeeks/Desktop/out/

~\ownCloud\zim\Bilder\DEF\bash-command-line-tricks\13-xargs-command.png